Iintambo zesivamvo zokurhoxa

Isetyenziselwa ntoni intambo yesivamvo seenyikima?
Iintambo zoluvo lwenyikimangamalungu abalulekileyo eenkqubo zokubeka iliso kwinyikima, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubhaqeni nasekulinganiseni iinyikima zomhlaba ezibangelwa ziziganeko zenyikima ezifana neenyikima nokudubula. Ezi ntambo zentambo ziyilelwe ukuba zibambe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zisasaze idatha ye-seismic, ukunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokuziphatha koqweqwe loMhlaba kunye nokuququzelela iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangaphambili kwiintlekele zendalo ezinokubakho. Iintambo yesivamvo senyikimabubuchwephesha obuntsonkothileyo obuguqule icandelo le-seismology, lwenza ukuba izazinzulu neenjineli ziwuqonde ngcono umsebenzi wenyikima kunye nefuthe lawo kokusingqongileyo kunye neziseko zophuhliso.
Injongo ephambili yeiintambo zesivamvo senyikimakukubona nokurekhoda intshukumo yomhlaba, ukuvumela abaphandi ukuba bahlalutye iimpawu zamaza enyikima kunye nokusasazwa kwawo kuqweqwe loMhlaba. Ezi ntambo zombane zidla ngokufakelwa kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo, ezifana nemimandla ethandwa ziinyikima okanye kufutshane neendawo zoshishino apho ugqabhuko-dubulo lunokuthi lwenzeke khona, ukuze kuqhutyekwe kubekwe iliso ukungcangcazela komhlaba. Ngokubamba idatha kwiziganeko ze-seismic, iintambo ze-sensor zifaka isandla ekuphuhliseni iimephu ze-seismic zengozi, eziyimfuneko ekuhloleni umngcipheko weenyikima kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko loluntu kunye neziseko ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo.
Ukongeza ekujongeni inyikima, iintambo zesivamvo senyikima zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ze-geophysical kunye nobunjineli. Umzekelo, baqashwe kuphononongo koovimba be-oyile nerhasi, apho bancedisa ekuchongeni iindawo ekunokugrunjwa kuzo ngokubona ukumila kwamatye angaphantsi komhlaba kunye namadama olwelo. Ngaphaya koko, ezi ntambo zombane zisetyenziselwa ulwakhiwo kunye nokugcinwa kwezakhiwo zobunjineli boluntu, ezifana neebhulorho, amadama, kunye neetonela, ukuvavanya ifuthe lentshukumo yomhlaba kuzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kwazo. Ukuguquguquka kweentambo zesivamvo senyikima kuzenza zibe zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kuluhlu olubanzi lwemizamo yezenzululwazi, yezoshishino, neyendalo.
Uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo lweiintambo zesivamvo senyikimazikhethekileyo, zibandakanya izinto eziphambili kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuchaneka kwazo. Ezi ntambo ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngeenzwa ezininzi, ezifana ne-accelerometers okanye i-geophones, ezidityaniswe yintambo ehlala ixesha elide kwaye eguquguqukayo enokumelana neemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo. Abenzi boluvo bayakwazi ukubona kwaneyona ntshukumo incinci yomhlaba, kwaye ikhebula lithumela idatha eqokelelweyo kwisikhululo sokubeka iliso esisembindini ukuze kuhlalutywe kwaye kuchazwe. Ngenxa yoko, iintambo ze-seismic sensor zibonelela ngolwazi lwexesha langempela malunga nomsebenzi we-seismic, okwenza ukuba kuphendule ngokukhawuleza kwiingozi ezinokuthi zibekho kunye neengozi.
Idatha eqokelelwe kwiiintambo zesivamvo senyikimailuncedo ekuqhubeleni phambili uphando lwenzululwazi malunga neseismology nobunjineli beenyikima. Ngokuhlalutya iipateni kunye neempawu zamaza enyikima, abaphandi banokufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwisiseko sobume bejoloji kunye neenkqubo zeempazamo, befaka igalelo kuphuhliso lwemizekelo eqikelelweyo yeziganeko zenyikima. Ngaphezu koko, ulwazi olufunyenwe kwezi ntambo lubalulekile ekuvavanyeni impembelelo enokubakho yeenyikima kwiziseko ezingundoqo nakwiindawo ezisezidolophini, ukukhokela ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso-qhinga zokunciphisa umngcipheko ezisebenzayo kunye nemilinganiselo yokulungela unxunguphalo.