Izintambo zezinzwa ezingenazo i-halogen

Izici zezintambo zezinzwa ezingenazo i-Halogen

Izintambo zezinzwa ezingenazo i-halogenbathole ukunakwa okubalulekile eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezimpawu zabo ezithinta imvelo kanye nezici ezigxile ekuphepheni. Lawa makhebuli aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezinto ezisimeme nezingenabo ubuthi ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswa lapho ukuphepha kwabantu nomthelela wemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izici zezintambo zezinzwa ezingenazo i-halogen zizenza ukukhetha okuncanyelwayo kwezinhlelo eziningi ezihlukene, kusukela ezishintshayo zezimboni kuye kwezimboni zezimoto kanye ne-aerospace.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zeizintambo zezinzwa ezingenalo halogenimvelo yabo engeyona enobuthi. Izintambo zomdabu zivame ukuqukatha izinto ezisekelwe ku-halogen, njenge-chlorine ne-fluorine, engakhulula amagesi anobuthi lapho evezwe emlilweni. Ngokuphambene, izintambo zezinzwa ezingenalo i-halogen zenziwa kusetshenziswa izinto ezingaqukethe lezi zakhi eziyingozi, okuzenza ziphephe kokubili impilo yomuntu kanye nemvelo. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni lapho ukuphepha emlilweni kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, njengalapho kwakhiwa izakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo zezokuthutha zomphakathi.
Ngaphezu kwemvelo yabo engeyona enobuthi,izintambo zezinzwa ezingenalo halogennazo zaziwa ngentuthu ephansi kanye nezindawo ezinobuthi obuphansi (LSZH). Uma echayeke emlilweni, lawa makhebuli akhipha intuthu encane namagesi anobuthi, anciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kubantu futhi avumele ukubonakala okungcono phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezivalekile nasezindaweni ezivalekile, lapho ukusabalala ngokushesha kwentuthu nentuthu enobuthi kungaba yingozi enkulu empilweni nasekuphepheni komuntu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho,izintambo zezinzwa ezingenalo halogenzibonisa izinto ezinhle kakhulu ezingabambezeli ilangabi, zizenze zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu neziyingozi kakhulu. Lezi zintambo ziklanyelwe ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu namalangabi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ubungozi bokubhebhetheka komlilo futhi kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bezinhlelo zikagesi nezinzwa ezizisekelayo. Lesi sici sibalulekile ezinhlelweni ezibucayi ezifana nezindawo zokuphehla ugesi, izimboni zokucubungula amakhemikhali, nezindawo zokuhluza uwoyela negesi, lapho amandla ezingozi zomlilo ehambisana nemvelo yokusebenza.
Esinye isici esiphawulekayo seizintambo zezinzwa ezingenalo halogenukumelana kwazo nezinto ezizungezile ezinjengomswakama, amakhemikhali, nemisebe ye-UV. Lawa makhebuli enziwe ngendlela yokuthi amelane nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka emanzini, kuwoyela, ezintweni ezincibilikisayo, nasekukhanyeni kwelanga, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza noma ukuphepha kwazo. Lokhu kubenza bafaneleke kahle izicelo zangaphandle nezimboni, lapho ukuqina kwemvelo kubalulekile ekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside kanye nobuqotho bokusebenza.
Sekukonke, izici zeizintambo zezinzwa ezingenalo halogenzizenze zibe ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibeka phambili ukuphepha, ukusimama kwemvelo, nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Ngemvelo yabo engeyona enobuthi, intuthu ephansi kanye nezindawo ezinobuthi obuphansi, amandla okuvimbela ilangabi, kanye nokumelana nezici zemvelo, lezi zintambo zinikeza isisombululo esinokwethenjelwa nesimeme ezimbonini eziningi. Njengoba isidingo sezinto ezithinta imvelo nezigxile ekuphepheni siqhubeka sikhula, izintambo zezinzwa ezingenazo i-halogen zikulungele ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lenzwa nobuchwepheshe bokuxhuma ugesi.