Izintambo zenzwa ezinyakazayo

Isetshenziselwa ini ikhebula lenzwa yokuzamazama komhlaba?
Izintambo zenzwa yokuzamazama komhlabaziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zezinhlelo zokuqapha ukuzamazama komhlaba, ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni nasekulinganiseni ukundindizela komhlaba okubangelwa izehlakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba njengokuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma. Lawa makhebuli aklanyelwe ukuthwebula ngokunembile futhi adlulisele idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba, ehlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ngokuziphatha koqweqwe loMhlaba kanye nokwenza lula izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusengaphambili ngezinhlekelele zemvelo ezingaba khona. Iikhebula lenzwa yokuzamazama komhlabaubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi obuguqule umkhakha wesayensi yokuzamazama komhlaba, okwenza ososayensi nonjiniyela baqonde kangcono umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nomthelela wawo emvelweni nengqalasizinda.
Inhloso eyinhloko yeizintambo zezinzwa zokuzamazama komhlabaukuthola nokurekhoda ukunyakaza komhlaba, okuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi bahlaziye izici zamagagasi e-seismic nokusabalala kwawo ngoqweqwe loMhlaba. Lawa makhebuli ngokuvamile afakwa ezindaweni eziqondile, njengezindawo ezijwayele ukuzamazama noma eduze nezindawo zezimboni lapho ukuqhuma kungase kwenzeke khona, ukuze kuqashwe ngokuqhubekayo ukudlidliza komhlaba. Ngokuthwebula idatha yezehlakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba, izintambo zezinzwa zifaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwamamephu ezingozi zokuzamazama komhlaba, abalulekile ekuhloleni ubungozi bokuzamazama komhlaba nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemiphakathi nengqalasizinda ebalulekile.
Ngaphezu kokuqapha ukuzamazama komhlaba, izintambo zezinzwa zokuzamazama komhlaba nazo ziyasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene ze-geophysical nezobunjiniyela. Isibonelo, baqashwe ekuhloleni izindawo ezigcina uwoyela negesi, lapho besiza khona ukuhlonza izindawo ezingase zimbiwe ngokuthola ukwakheka kwamadwala angaphansi komhlaba kanye namachibi oketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa makhebuli asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni nasekulungiseni izakhiwo zobunjiniyela bomphakathi, njengamabhuloho, amadamu, namahubhu, ukuze kuhlolwe umthelela wokunyakaza komhlaba ekuzinzeni nasekuthembekeni kwazo. Ukuguquguquka kwezintambo zezinzwa zokuzamazama komhlaba kuzenza zibe amathuluzi abalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zemizamo yesayensi, yezimboni, kanye nemvelo.
Ukuklama nokwakhiwa kweizintambo zezinzwa zokuzamazama komhlabaakhethekile kakhulu, ahlanganisa izinto eziphambili kanye nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokunemba kwazo. Lawa makhebuli ngokuvamile akhiwa izinzwa eziningi, njengama-accelerometer noma ama-geophone, axhunywe ngekhebula eliqinile neliguquguqukayo elingakwazi ukumelana nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Izinzwa ziyakwazi ukubona ngisho nokunyakaza okuncane komhlaba, futhi ikhebula lidlulisela idatha eqoqiwe esiteshini esimaphakathi sokuqapha ukuze ihlaziywe futhi ichazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, izintambo zezinzwa zokuzamazama komhlaba zinikeza ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela ngomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba, okuvumela izimpendulo ezisheshayo ezinsongweni ezingaba khona nezingozi.
Idatha eqoqwe kusukaizintambo zezinzwa zokuzamazama komhlabaiwusizo ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo lwesayensi nge-seismology nobunjiniyela bokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngokuhlaziya amaphethini nezici zamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba, abacwaningi bangathola ukuqonda okubalulekile kwezakhiwo eziyisisekelo zokuma komhlaba nezinhlelo zamaphutha, okunikela ekwakhiweni kwamamodeli abikezelayo ezenzakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi olutholwe kulezi zintambo lubalulekile ekuhloleni umthelela ongaba khona wokuzamazama komhlaba kwingqalasizinda nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ukuqondisa ukuqaliswa kwamasu asebenzayo okunciphisa ubungozi kanye nezinyathelo zokulungela izimo eziphuthumayo.